1.

Which of the following statements accurately defines neuron?

A)

Control center of the cell; contains the cell's DNA

B)

The larger of the two nerve cells, they generate and transmit nerve impulses

C)

Central area of the cell containing centrioles

D)

A fatty sheath found around certain axons that increases the speed of conduction of a nerve impulse

2.

Which of the following statements accurately defines cell body?

A)

The biosynthetic center of the neuron

B)

Continual process of growth and replication of cells

C)

Hairlike extensions from the plasma membrane that propel substances past the cell

D)

Junction between neurons and target cells

3.

Which of the following statements accurately defines Node of Ranvier?

A)

Tissue that contains ground substance as the dominant component; found as part of the basement membrane and in the walls of hollow organs

B)

A small potential space that contains serous fluid; located between the two layers of the serous pericardium

C)

An electrical impulse conducted along the neuron membrane

D)

Spaces between segments of the myelin sheath

4.

Which of the following statements accurately defines presynaptic neuron?

A)

The neuron that sends the message

B)

Contains the cell's DNA

C)

Proteins made by the ribosomes

D)

The neuron that receives the message

5.

Where might the gray matter nucleus be located?

A)

Alongside the vertebral column

B)

Within the brain

C)

Within the spinal cord

D)

In the sensory receptor

E)

B and C

6.

The region of a neuron with voltage-gated sodium channels is the ____________.

A)

axon hillock

B)

soma

C)

dendrite

D)

perikaryon

7.

A traumatic brain injury may result in a large number of damaged or dying neurons. In such a case, which neuroglial cell would you expect to be present in large numbers? Explain.

8.

Gray matter primarily contains ________________.

A)

militated fibers

B)

neuron cell bodies

C)

Schwann cells

D)

All of the above

9.

Neurons that reside entirely within the CNS are _______ neurons. Structurally, most of these neurons belong to the ______ classification.

A)

unipolar, sensoryX

B)

bipolar, motor

C)

multipolar, sensory

D)

multipolar, motor

10.

Which of the following statements accurately defines cerebral cortex?

A)

The outer 2 mm of the cerebrum

B)

Consists of gray matter

C)

The plasma membrane of the brain

D)

Both A and B are correct

11.

Which of the following statements accurately defines dura mater?

A)

The middle meninx covering the brain

B)

The innermost of the three meninges covering the brain

C)

The outermost of the three meninges covering the brain

D)

The most inferior portion of the brainstem

12.

Which of the following statements most closely defines cerebellum?

A)

Most inferior portion of the brainstem

B)

Contains the pineal gland and secretes the hormone melatonin

C)

Middle part of the brainstem that bulges anteriorly

D)

Innermost and thinnest meninx

E)

Most superior part of the brainstem

F)

Posterior part of the brain that controls and monitors ongoing movement

13.

Which of the following is not part of the brainstem?

A)

Medulla

B)

Cerebellum

C)

Pons

D)

Midbrain

14.

The spinal cord extends from the ___________.

A)

1st cervical vertebra to the 5th lumbar vertebra

B)

brainstem to the 5th lumbar vertebra

C)

middle of the brainstem to the 5th lumbar vertebra

D)

medulla oblongata to the 2nd lumbar vertebra

15.

Cerebral gyri and cerebral sulci form the convolutions of the ______ matter within the ___________.

A)

gray, cerebral cortex

B)

white, cerebral cortex

C)

gray, cerebellum

D)

white, limbic

E)

A and C

16.

Which of the brain areas listed below is involved in normal voluntary muscle activity?

A)

Amygdala

B)

Putamen

C)

Medullary pyramids

D)

Precentral gyrus

17.

Which of the following statements accurately defines peripheral nerve?

A)

Process of the neuron that carries a nerve impulse away from the cell body toward the target cell

B)

Small structure that carries out many of the body's homeostatic functions

C)

Superior part of the brain accounting for the great majority of its mass

D)

Bundles of axons that travel together in a common connective tissue sheath

18.

Which of the following statements accurately defines brachial plexus?

A)

The ventral rami of C1–C4

B)

The ventral rami of C5–T1 that serve the upper limb

C)

A nerve fiber

D)

The most superior portion of the brainstem

19.

Which Roman numeral equivalent is associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A)

CN V

B)

CN XI

C)

CN IX

D)

CN III

20.

Which Roman numeral equivalent is associated with the hypoglossal nerve?

A)

CN II

B)

CN VIII

C)

CN IX

D)

CN XII

21.

Which Roman numeral equivalent is associated with the abducens nerve?

A)

CN I

B)

CN VI

C)

CN XII

D)

CN VII

22.

What is the main function of CN VI?

A)

Sensory to the face, motor to the muscles of mastication

B)

Motor to the muscles of swallowing; taste to the posterior one-third of the tongue

C)

Motor to one-sixth extraocular muscles (superior oblique muscle)

D)

Motor to the muscles of facial expression, taste to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue

E)

Motor to four-sixths extraocular muscles, dilates the pupil, opens the eye, changes the shape of the lens

F)

Motor to the muscles of swallowing and speaking, motor to the thoracic and abdominal viscera

G)

Motor to one-sixth extraocular muscles (lateral rectus muscle)

23.

What is the main function of CN XI?

A)

Sensory to the face, motor to the muscles of mastication

B)

Motor to the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles

C)

Hearing and equilibrium

D)

Olfaction (smell)

E)

Motor to the muscles of swallowing; taste to the posterior one-third of the tongue

F)

Motor to the tongue

G)

Motor to the muscles of swallowing and speaking, motor to the thoracic and abdominal viscera

24.

What is the main function of CN XII?

A)

Sensory to the face, motor to the muscles of mastication

B)

Motor to the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles

C)

Motor to the muscles of swallowing; taste to the posterior one-third of the tongue

D)

Motor to the tongue

E)

Vision

F)

Motor to the muscles of facial expression, taste to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue

G)

Motor to the muscles of swallowing and speaking, motor to the thoracic and abdominal viscera

25.

Damage to which cranial nerve(s) might produce the inability to move the tongue?

A)

CN III

B)

CN IV

C)

CN VI, VII

D)

CN IX

E)

CN X

F)

CN XI

G)

CN XII

26.

Which of the following statements accurately defines pupil?

A)

Thin, delicate structure in the sensory tunic containing photoreceptors

B)

Opening in the center of the iris that controls the amount of light entering the eye

C)

Junction between neurons and target cells

D)

Layer of adipose tissue deep to the skin

27.

Which of the following statements accurately defines rods?

A)

Photoreceptors responsible for color and high-acuity vision in bright light

B)

Thin, delicate structure in the sensory tunic containing photoreceptors

C)

Intersecting groups of nerves that serve the retina

D)

Photoreceptors responsible for vision in dim light and for peripheral vision

28.

Which of the following statements accurately defines cones?

A)

Photoreceptors responsible for vision in dim light and for peripheral vision

B)

Bundle of nerves in the center of the brain

C)

Photoreceptors responsible for color and high-acuity vision in bright light

D)

Thin, delicate structure in the sensory tunic containing photoreceptors

29.

Which of the following statements accurately defines lacrimal gland?

A)

Gland in the dermis that produces sweat and functions in thermoregulation and excretion

B)

Highly vascularized layer in the posterior part of the uvea

C)

Gland located in the superolateral orbit that produces tears

D)

Gland associated with hair follicles that secrete sebum, an oily substance that protects and softens skin and hair

30.

The receptors for smell are located in the

A)

gustatory mucosa.

B)

olfactory epithelium.

C)

olfactory fossa.

D)

squamous epithelium.

31.

The disease macular degeneration is characterized by a gradual loss of vision as a result of degeneration of the macula lutea. Considering the type of cells located in the macula lutea, which type of vision do you think a sufferer of macular degeneration would lose? Why?

32.

The area of the retina that lacks photoreceptors is known as the ________.

A)

choroid

B)

fovea centralis

C)

optic disc

D)

canal of Schlemm

33.

Which structure contains the organ of Corti?

A)

Pinna

B)

Cochlea

C)

Anvil

D)

Stirrup

E)

A and B

34.

When moving from darkness to bright light, __________________.

A)

rhodopsin breakdown accelerates

B)

adaptation inhibits cones

C)

retinal sensitivity declines

D)

visual acuity increases

E)

A, C, and D